Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani—Diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, especially in areas with malaria co-infections and limited diagnostic tools. A 24-year-old patient in Somalia presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia, initially diagnosed with malaria. Despite malaria treatment, symptoms persisted. Extensive tests ruled out other infections, but a tru-cut spleen biopsy confirmed VL. The patient received a combination therapy of sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin, leading to significant improvement. This case underscores the difficulty of diagnosing VL, particularly in co-infection scenarios. A high level of suspicion and the use of spleen biopsy in endemic areas can aid in timely diagnosis and treatment, reducing mortality. Read the full journal here:…